История фитнес-культуры

Сейчас увидеть людей, которые занимаются бегом, ездят на велосипеде или ходят в тренажерный зал уже не является чем-то необычным, хотя еще каких-то 20 лет назад этот вопрос был далеко не на первом плане. Что же произошло такого, что заставило людей задуматься о своем здоровье и начать активнее заниматься спортом? Мы попробуем проследить историю этого феномена в мире и расскажем вам, как зародилась культура фитнес-залов.
Если вам кажется, что мода на здоровый образ жизни появилась только в течение последнего столетия, то это совсем не так. Стремление к физическому, а не только духовному совершенству было одним из фундаментов античной греческой культуры. Мало кто знает, но выдающиеся античные философы — Платон, Сократ, Пифагор и другие — прославились не только за свои труды, но и за достижения в спорте. Бег, прыжки, метание копий и диска — это только несколько самых популярных занятий, которые были распространены в древнегреческом спорте. И наибольший вклад в это движение внесли, конечно, Олимпийские игры, которые популяризировали хорошую физическую форму, и сделали это, так сказать, трендом.
Бытует мнение, что именно римские термы стали прообразом современных фитнес-клубов: люди собирались там не только для санитарно-гигиенических процедур, но и для того, чтобы заняться физическими упражнениями и пообщаться. На юге полуострова Пеллопонес была найдена так называемая пещера Геракла с каменными орудиями для спорта возрастом три тысячи лет — именно ее считают одним из первых «тренажерных залов» в истории.
Вместе с упадком греческой культуры и мода на массовые занятия спортом отошла на второй план, ведь в Средние века гораздо актуальнее были вопросы, как выжить в войне и прокормить семью. Вопросы физической выносливости были актуальными только для тонкой прослойки населения — военных и рыцарей. Именно от их физической формы зависело, переживут они ближайший бой и победят ли врага. Мальчиков из высших кругов общества с самого детства готовили к военной карьере: бег, фехтование и конная езда стали основами военно-спортивной культуры тех времен.
Возрождение моды на здоровый образ жизни началось на рубеже XIX и XX веков, и важным фактором в этом стали бодибилдинг, культуризм и кулачные бои. В Европе, например, этот образ распространялся в первую очередь через цирковое искусство, в котором принимали участие лучшие силачи континента, и поражали всех своими способностями. Переезжая из города в город, они показывали, на что способен человеческий организм. В 1896 году состоялись первые Олимпийские игры современности, и мода на спорт раскручивалась с новой силой.
Родиной фитнеса и спортзалов в классическом формате стала, конечно, Америка. Странно звучит, но благодаря потребительскому буму и росту финансовой обеспеченности людей после войны, врачи начали бить тревогу: более половины детей в 50-х годах имели неудовлетворительную физическую подготовку и не справлялись с нормативами, а до 70-х годов население США начало массово страдать ожирением и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. После того, как власти взялись за популяризацию спорта и фитнеса, количество людей, которые начали ходить в залы, выросло в 4 раза.
От мини-залов в небольших городах до крупных сетевых фитнес-центров в мегаполисах, мода на здоровый образ жизни стала расти из года в год. Именно в 80-х сформировался типичный образ успешного и здорового человека: подтянутого, улыбающегося и счастливого — да, именно они заполонили сейчас все фотобанки 🙂 Типичный фитнес-зал сейчас состоит из раздевалки, где можно оставить свои вещи, кардиоцентра, профессиональных спортивных тренажеров для разных групп мышц, наборов со свободным весом, а также душевой и зала групповых занятий — по йоге, пилатесу или шейпинга. Стоимость абонемента в типичный фитнес-зал в США колеблется от $ 30 до $ 150 и даже больше.
Хотя спорт в Советском Союзе всегда пользовался спросом и содействием со стороны власти, на рубеже 80-х и 90-х людям было было не до занятий фитнесом. Только с 2000-х этот тренд выходит в массовое сознание. И это неудивительно: вместе с улучшением благосостояния людей, проникновением западной культуры в нашу жизнь, нам также становится важным, как мы себя чувствуем. Рынок фитнес-инудстрии в мире сейчас составляет $ 27 млрд, и, похоже, это еще не предел.
Все больше людей пересаживаются на велосипед (какими бы ни приспособленными для этого не были наши города), все больше людей надевает наушники и бегает на стадионе или в парке у дома, и все чаще мы видим в своих городах соревнования по street workout. Все больше людей покупают абонементы в спорт.залы или обустраивают мини спорт.залы у себя дома, покупая необходимые тренажеры здесь. Если еще 20 лет назад «таскать железо» было не совсем интересно и даже полукриминально, то сейчас здоровый образ жизни — это не просто физические упражнения.
Дмитрий, www.vitamarg.com
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They also assist with sustaining your posture whereas strolling or standing.
These muscle tissue are liable for dorsiflexion which is what brings your toes nearer to your ankle.
You need this when strolling to get your leg off the
bottom in the course of the swinging movement when walking.
The anterior group of muscular tissues is what permits you to carry your foot off the
bottom when strolling.
This leads to engagement of muscular tissues aside from our leg muscles—in this
case, the abs, lower back, obliques, and even the higher
body to an extent. The «danger» of free weights is at all times that
you would lose management. When it comes to squats and lunges, that
«loss of control» doubtless means you’ll tip/fall backward, so our bodies compensate to take care of our steadiness all through.
I’ve found that incorporating no much less than a quantity of Smith machine workouts into
my daily training routine has led to some massive increases in strength and energy throughout the board.
It’s a lot more versatile than most people give it credit score for,
and it lets you lift significantly heavier weights with far less threat to your joints and muscle tissue.
The major muscle tissue activated when using a belt squat machine are
the hamstrings, glutes, and quadriceps. The most common variation is the 45-degree leg press which is a
plate loaded machine appropriate for each novices and superior
fitness center goers. Nevertheless, activating the gluteal muscular tissues can be achieved by performing quite a few
workouts including the glute bridge, barbell squat, glute kickbacks and hip thrusts.
Machine workout routines also provide a safer way to attain muscle fatigue without a spotter.
Free weights are recognized to have a greater harm danger compared to guided machine workout routines.
Analysis showed that 90% of weight training injuries requiring emergency department visits have been brought on by free-weight coaching.
Moreover, machine exercises produce related results as free
weights.
This makes it far simpler to unhook and hook the bar as quickly as you’ve
finished your set. Your muscle tissue need to maneuver
through an in depth vary of motion that’ll go away you
with DOMs the next day. This Smith machine reverse lunge is a wonderful train for anybody
who suffers from knee pain. As you’re stepping backwards, it entails more hip motion, which locations much less
stress on your knees. Performing this motion on the Smith machine allows you to focus
solely on loading the legs without worrying about your stability.
Once More, as the barbell is on a set plane of movement, it stabilizes the
bar for you. If you’ve struggled with stability during the regular
single-leg deadlift, give this variation a go.
When it comes to building strong, outlined legs, incorporating the best equipment into your workout routine is essential.
Among the most effective tools for targeting the lower physique are plate loaded leg extension and
plate loaded leg curl machines. These versatile pieces
of kit allow you to isolate and strengthen key muscle teams, such because the quadriceps and hamstrings,
with precision and control.
Keep a straight line out of your head to your knees or ft (depending on the exercise).
Avoid arching your again or sagging your hips, as you could harm yourself.
Ensure your again is straight and your core is engaged all through each
exercise. This will help hold you secure from injury and maximize the effect of the exercise.
So whereas this version of the break up nails the frequency aspect of issues quite nicely, every little thing else
about it can be a problem for a lot of people.
So with weight machines you’re able to hit massive volumes of
muscle directly. This is a very effective train, as research have discovered a strong correlation between bench press energy and chest sizes of collaborating people [4].
Our 6-day cable exercise program will permit fitness fanatics to coach every muscle group twice every week whereas having sufficient time for relaxation and restoration. It’s available
in two totally different variations, both of which are plate loadable machines.
We have two kinds of cable machine entrance squat variations that will
assist you to gain strength and measurement in your quads.
It is principally a quad train, because of the load placement, but your hamstrings and glutes may
also be activated properly. The workout routines chosen can affect the muscle tissue focused by leg exercises on the Smith Machine.
Barbell squats are essential for building a leg, but including energy machines
to your exercise routine can also assist make your legs
greater and stronger. At All Times comply with through the complete range of motion with out lifting your hips.
This means getting deep into the place together with your butt
beneath your hips, and your knees wide. This transfer works all your major leg
muscular tissues while supporting your lower again.
The cable machine is essentially the most versatile piece of exercise tools.
This machine permits you to get an excellent workout for each
muscle group in your body. The cable machine will allow you to keep good type and scale
back the stress on the joints, permitting you to hone
in on the muscle tissue you target with high quality reps.
I’ve seen good enhancements in my leg’s definition and
power after incorporating cable exercises into my
workout routine. Cable machines provide fixed rigidity,
a extensive range of movement, and the flexibility to focus on specific muscle tissue more precisely.
Merely put, Smith machine exercises are most likely no more dangerous
and are in some methods safer than most free-weight leg workout routines.
Like all lunges, they work your quads, but this variation is especially
challenging on your glutes and hamstrings.
Relying on the machine, you could construct extra muscle depending on the action of the motion and what
that exercise recruits the most. If you want to get stronger, squatting with free weight provides a
stimulus with a quantity of benefits. If you want to get greater and maximize
muscular contractions, a machine for leg workouts would possibly work higher.
Unlike free weights, machines guide your movements alongside a set path, decreasing the danger
of improper form or injuries. This is especially helpful for beginners
learning to execute leg workouts like squats or leg presses and people recovering from knee ache or other injuries.
The inclusion of safety features, such as shoulder pads and adjustable seats, ensures proper alignment
and minimizes pressure on the knee joint. In a well-equipped gym,
machines just like the leg press, Smith machine, leg extension, leg curl, calf raise, hack squat, seated leg press, and hip abductor/adductor target particular leg muscles.
They supply safety, muscle engagement, and accessibility, saving effort and time.
You’ll often find either a standing and/or seat
calf elevate machine in your gym.
Machines present stability and assist, lowering the danger of
harm, especially for novices or those recovering from injuries.
I suggest you place your ft on the top of the platform for extra glute emphasis (aka buns of steel).
Understanding how they all match together and work with one another
will ensure you get the most out of your cable leg workout.
The leg curl machine permits for isolation of the hamstrings
by flexing on the knee and pushing the lower leg in course of the hamstrings against resistance.
Secondary muscular tissues activated are the gastrocnemius,
which is the main calf muscle. The primary muscle activated during the hack squat are the quadriceps, adductors,
and glutes. As far as leg machines go, the hack squat is certainly one of the extra common machines
due to it being safer to use and due to this fact
minimising the chance of harm. The leg press is likely the commonest leg machine in a industrial fitness center.
Nevertheless, there are various kinds of leg press machines,
and these are the vertical leg press, the horizontal leg press and 45 degree
leg press.
«Adjust the Smith machine’s security pins to waist height while performing this exercise,»
says Saini. It makes the train safer and gives you
the boldness to carry somewhat heavier. You can replicate this exercise
using your trusty Smith machine. Both beginners and superior lifters can greatly benefit from performing deadlifts 1 to three occasions per week.
This exercise additionally targets other muscle groups, which embrace the again, traps, and core.
It will also cut back the chance of injury, notably
to the knee, hip, and groin space. The Smith machine is a versatile beast
where you’ll have the ability to work on strikes like squat and deadlift variations and weighted lunges.
Smith machine workouts are a great choice for many who want extra stability or isolation from their leg exercise machines.
This reduces the risk of harm compared with other free-weight workouts.
Overall, individuals discover rowing machines a fantastic way to see wholesome muscle development while firming and tightening the
muscle tissue all over the body. When you utilize a rower, the sliding seat forces your leg muscles
to interact to push off of the footboards, which makes your
legs work. Your arms, of course, are engaged by pulling on the handles, and your core and again muscular tissues are engaged to drag the handles and preserve your balance and position. However, make sure you
lift lightweight weights during reverse grip bench press, as this exercise’s main aim is to build
muscle, not energy. The bench press is probably considered
one of the three biggest lifts in bodybuilding.
It is a compound motion that primarily strengthens and develops the pectoralis muscles
and achieves a muscular torso.
The Seated Leg Press Machine is similar to the extra frequent leg press machine however you’ll sit and press horizontally as a
substitute of being reclined forty five levels. It comes with
a robust frame, a comfortably padded seat, and a
backrest, accompanied by a footplate linked to a resistance system.
Cable standing Single leg calf raises are one of the best methods of constructing your calf muscular tissues.
Here are our top 15 cable leg exercises to help you build Bigger and
Stronger Legs. Maintain a exercise journal to record the exercises, weights, and reps you
perform.
Since rowing is a totally engaged workout, your body may expertise some
adjustments in weight. This could be weight loss, seen in the loss of fats, or weight achieve within the form
of muscle groups growing and creating extra mass as they’re exercised.
The Fitness Phantom is a database of tons of of exercise routines and workout routines that are supported by
floor expertise, research journals, and health specialists.
The hanging knee elevate is a pull-up bar abs train, but you can also do it on a Smith
machine. The knee raises have interaction the lower a half of
abs and helps make your abs burlier. To perform the reverse grip bench
press, get underneath the machine, seize the bar with
an underhand grip, palms facing in, and follow the same steps as other bench presses.
The reverse grip bench press is a modified version of the bench press.
Moving alongside, analysis exhibits that tight or
poorly developed muscular tissues in the legs can have an impact in your back.
Although extra research is needed on this domain, rising evidence shows
that can enhance painful, dysfunctional or weak
joints in leg joints just like the knees. GHDs are a powerhouse
for your posterior chain, working your glutes, hamstrings, and decrease again. All of these muscular tissues are liable for getting your foot ready to push off the bottom.
This machine is definitely one of the extra awkward leg machines in the
fitness center. The leg extension machine is a basic leg
development software present in native gyms. Okay, now that we have lined some of the perks of using the machines at your gym for leg day, let’s check out every machine individually.
✅ Glorious for isolation – Energy training machines remove the
stability requirements which are inherent in free weight training.
That means all of your efforts is being expended by the
major muscle teams. We’ll have a glance at the advantages of each, the
muscular tissues labored, and what you want to know about
taking leg day to the next degree. Fitness Center machines may be an efficient way to construct bigger,
stronger legs and cut back damage threat.
Begin with one foot on the field and the other on the ground slightly closer than shoulder width.
We have to work on our quadriceps muscular tissues to make
them greater, however it can be exhausting to do it with just free weights.
To ease an ab cramp, start by resting and gently massaging
your abdominal muscle tissue, this could assist improve
blood flow. You can even apply heat, like a
warm pack, to loosen up the muscular tissues. To keep away from it altogether, do your
finest to remain hydrated by drinking loads of water or electrolyte-rich sports activities
drinks sparsely.
Endomondo newsletter has suggestions, exercise plans, and assets
that can allow you to in your health journey.
The hamstrings, behind the thigh, originate from the sitting
bone and fasten to the decrease leg. They flex the knee (bend the leg) and extend the hip (move the
leg backward). Donkey Kicks – 3 units of 8-12 reps, with 30 seconds of rest between. Cable Step-Ups – 3 sets
of 8-12 reps, with 30 seconds of relaxation between. Cable Lateral Lunges – three sets of 8-12 reps, with 30 seconds of rest between.
Cable Hack Squats – 2 sets of 8-12 reps,
with 30 seconds of relaxation between.
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