Электронные сигареты не такие безвредные, как кажется
Вопреки всеобщему сложившемуся мнению, что электронные сигареты являются практически безвредными и не угрожающими здоровью, специалисты из Гарвардской школы здравоохранения (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health) решили поделиться своими выводами. Они установили, что вайпинг (электронное курение) может привести к развитию опасного заболевания – облитерирующий бронхиолит.
По данным исследования, опубликованного в Environmental Health Perspectives, курильщики, вдыхая пары вапорайзерной жидкости, зачастую считают, что образующийся без смол и канцерогенных веществ пар безопасен как для них самих, так и для окружающих их людей. Однако их мнение неверно. Никотиносодержащие смеси для электронных сигарет, обладая приятным и сильным запахом, могут содержать диацетил. Данное химическое соединение, использующееся в основном в качестве заменителя аромата, является причиной для развития облитерирующего бронхиолита, известного как «попкорновая болезнь лёгких».
Свое альтернативное название облитерирующий бронхиолит получил благодаря печальной истории о работниках завода в Миссури, который специализировался на изготовлении ароматного масла для попкорна. Ежедневно вдыхаемый сотрудниками завода диацетил спровоцировал развитие облитерации бронхиол.
Тяжёлое респираторное заболевание, обусловленное стойкой прогрессирующей обструкцией бронхиол, приводит к нарастанию дыхательной и сердечной недостаточности. «Попкорновую болезнь лёгких» сопровождают: одышка, кашель (чаще сухой), общая слабость, быстрая утомляемость, синюшность кожных покровов и изменение формы пальцев (утолщение вследствие костных разрастаний).
Лечение облитерирующего бронхиолита направлено на стабилизацию дегенеративных процессов и устранение симптомов, используя бронхолитики, муколитики, кислородотерапию, противовоспалительные средства и препараты для лечения легочной гипертензии. В тяжёлых случаях может потребоваться пересадка лёгкого.
Сотрудники Гарвардской школы здравоохранения под руководством доктора Джозефа Аллена (Joseph Allen) исследовали 51 вид вапорайзерных смесей, продаваемых ведущими брендами. Каждая электронная сигарета с изучаемым образцом помещалась в специальную герметичную камеру. Полученный путем продувания пар тщательно анализировался. Ученые обнаружили, что диацетил и другие вещества, представляющие риск развития облитерирующего бронхиолита, содержатся в 76% жидкостей. Они также установили, что в состав некоторых никотиносодержащих жидкостей входит формальдегид, который, как известно, обладает канцерогенным эффектом.
Возможно, что «продвинутые парильщики» знают об опасности некоторых соединений в смесях и стараются осторожно покупать жидкости для вайпинга, но, к сожалению, среди более 7000 разновидностей электронных сигарет и смесей никто не застрахован от недобросовестного описания производителем ингредиентов на этикетке, действие которых может серьезно отразится в будущем на здоровье.
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