Как быстро и надежно остановить диарею?
Как быстро и надежно остановить диарею?
Существует несколько препаратов, традиционно применяемых при поносе. Принцип их действия различен, хотя в 90% случаев причиной диареи является инфекция. Поэтому, выбор средства от диареи должен учитывать, что это состояние – лишь симптом, бороться с которым нужно воздействуя на причину.
При острой кишечной инфекции выбор препарата, действующего лишь на симптом, может быть опасным! Например, популярный, но дорогой имодиум, и его более дешевые аналоги, содержащие лоперамид, останавливают диарею, стимулируя опиатные рецепторы кишечника. Это приводит к тому, что повышается тонус запирающих сфинктеров, а жидкость из каловых масс усиленно всасывается в кишечнике обратно. А это означает, что токсины, в избытке образующиеся в результате инфицирования возбудителями кишечных инфекций, также всасываются в кровь. Поэтому лоперамид не так безопасен: его запрещено давать детям до 6 лет.
Оптимальным выбором при кишечной инфекции будет препарат, действующий в просвете кишечника и устраняющий возбудителей инфекции. Поэтому при диарее у взрослых и детей используются препараты-производные нитрофурана. Фуразолидон, входящий в этот ряд, и долгие годы бывший довольно популярным, несмотря на свою дешевизну, по причине своего побочного действия — токсических эффектов в отношении печени, уступил пальму первенства нифуроксазиду – безопасному антисептику, который действует исключительно в кишечнике, не всасываясь в кровь.
Самым популярным и рекомендуемым врачами и фармацевтами нифуроксазидом является европейский препарат Энтерофурил. Благодаря наличию трех форм – капсул по 100 и 200 мг, а также суспензии 200 мг/5 мл, которую можно давать детям с 1 месяца, Энтерофурил удобен в применении, и отлично зарекомендовал себя в быстром лечении диареи, вызванной бактериями, однако и при вирусной диарее прием Энетрофурила обоснован: этот препарат предупреждает бактериальные осложнения, практически всегда сопутствующие диарее вирусного происхождения.
Что немаловажно, зарубежные и российские клинические исследования доказали, что Энтерофурил сохраняет полезную микрофлору кишечника, эффективно устраняя таких распространенных возбудителей инфекции, как сальмонелла, кишечная палочка, шигелла – возбудитель дизентерии. Доказан эффект Энтерофурила в отношении бактерии Хеликобактер Пилори, играющей основную роль в развитии гастрита и язвы желудка.
При выборе нифуроксазида для ребенка нужно быть осторожным: рекомендованная Минздравом дозировка нифуроксазида для ребенка – 100 или 200 мг в зависимости от возраста, и в виде суспензии 200 мг в 5 мл. В аптеках встречается суспензия с более высокой дозировкой 220 мг/5 мл других производителей (стопдиар), прельщающая чуть более низкой стоимостью. Однако, лучше следовать официальным рекомендациям и не рисковать: здоровье ребенка — не шутки!
Нифуроксазид – обязательный препарат в аптечке путешественника: смена привычной воды и продуктов питания очень часто является причиной «диареи путешественников», одинаково коварной как для детей, таки для взрослых. Если вашему ребенку больше 3 лет, то можно сэкономить и взять универсальную дозировку Энтерофурил 100 мг: взрослый будет принимать по две капсулы, а ребенку достаточно одной. Дополнительно к Энтерофурилу рекомендуется использовать сорбенты: они помогают связывать и выводить токсины из кишечника. Однако помните, что в случае тяжело протекающей кишечной инфекции, сопровождающейся обезвоживанием, интоксикацией и другими серьезными симптомами, может потребоваться подключение антибиотиков. Поэтому в любом случае не лишним будет обращение к врачу.
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