Витаминные и минеральные добавки показали свою бесполезность
Согласно выводам группы канадских ученых из университета Торонто и госпиталя Сент-Мишель, опубликованных в журнале Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ежедневное использование витаминных и минеральных добавок практически не имеет никакого ожидаемого положительного эффекта.
Дефицит некоторых полезных веществ, получаемых из пищи (витаминов, минералов и антиоксидантов), часто пытаются восполнить с помощью биологически активных добавок. Такие добавки не проходят клинических испытаний, из-за чего не считаются лекарственным средством, а их оборот практически не регулируется.
Проведя систематический анализ результатов более сотни предыдущих исследований, проводившихся с января 2012 по октябрь 2017 года, исследователи выяснили, что большинство популярных мультивитаминных добавок, содержащих витамины C и D, а также кальций, не оказывают никакой практической пользы на здоровье человека. Кроме того, ученые отмечают, что не обнаружили никаких доказательств тому, что использование витаминных препаратов действительно сокращает уровень риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, инфарктов, инсультов или ранней смерти.
Исключением стали, пожалуй, только фолиевая кислота, а также в меньшей степени комплекс витаминов группы B, которые показали свою полезность для предотвращения возникновения заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы, в частности инсульта.
«Мы были удивлены, обнаружив лишь несколько положительных эффектов, оказываемых популярными витаминными и минеральными добавками», — комментирует доктор Дэвид Дженкинс, ведущий автор исследования.
«Наше исследование показало, что если вы хотите использовать мультивитамины, витамин D, кальций или витамин C, то в этом не будет никакого вреда, но, как оказалось, и пользы тоже никакой не будет».
Между тем исследование показало, что превышение показателей содержания ниацина (витамин B3) и антиоксидантов в организме в свою очередь могут быть связаны с повышенным риском смерти. Объясняется это тем, что ниацин может обладать негативным эффектом на уровень сахара в крови. Антиоксиданты («свободные радикалы») естественным образом вырабатываются нашим организмом в достаточном количестве. И их переизбыток может привести, например, к нарушению естественных противоопухолевых механизмов в организме.
По мнению исследователей, чаще всего переизбыток витаминов и минеральных веществ в организме происходит вследствие превышения человеком норм, предписанных врачами.
«Это исследование говорит о том, что люди должны более внимательно подходить к выбору добавок и использовать только тот объем витаминов и минеральных веществ, который предписывается лечащим врачом в каждом конкретном случае», — говорит Дженкинс.
В качестве объектов исследования ученые использовали витамины A, B1, B2, B3 (ниацин), B6, B9 (фолиевая кислота), а также минеральные вещества каротин, кальций, железо, цинк, магний и селен.
Исследователи также обнаружили, что некоторые вещества показывают более высокую эффективность по сравнению с другими. Например, была отмечена связь между применением добавок с содержанием цинка и сокращением времени проявления эффектов простуды. Несмотря на распространенное мнение в эффективности витамина C, он никакой практической пользы в этом не показал.
«Ввиду отсутствия каких-либо значительных положительных эффектов – кроме фолиевой кислоты, которая снижает потенциальный риск развития заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы, – более здравым решением будет положиться на здоровую пищу, которая сможет обеспечить ваш организм необходимыми витаминами и минералами», — говорит Дженкинс.
«Нет ни одного исследования, доказывающего, что применение БАДов может приносить больше пользы, чем здоровый рацион, в котором содержатся свежие овощи и фрукты, а также орехи».
Канадские ученые предполагают, что возможной причиной отсутствия положительного эффекта приема БАДов на здоровье человека могут быть и особенности состава добавок. А в некоторых случаях БАДы могут быть и вовсе опасны для здоровья. Так, журнал Consumer Reports два года назад проанализировала состав некоторых популярных БАДов и обнаружил в них опасные для человеческого здоровья вещества, способные вызвать поражения органов пищеварительной системы, аритмию, головокружения и развитие рака.
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